Certified Personal Trainer (NSCA) Practice Exam

Which age-related changes most influence a client's muscular strength?

1. A. Decreased ability to produce force rapidly and decreased muscle mass

2. B. Decreased bone density and decreased muscle glycogen storage

3. C. Decreased ability to produce force rapidly and decreased bone density

4. D. Decreased muscle mass and decreased muscle glycogen storage

The correct answer is: A. Decreased ability to produce force rapidly and decreased muscle mass

The correct choice focuses on two significant factors: decreased ability to produce force rapidly and decreased muscle mass. As individuals age, one of the most notable physiological changes is the reduction of muscle mass, a phenomenon known as sarcopenia. Muscle mass is directly correlated with muscular strength; thus, as it diminishes, strength suffers as well. Additionally, the decreased ability to produce force rapidly is crucial because this aspect relates to the functionality of muscle fibers. Fast-twitch muscle fibers, which are essential for rapid and powerful contractions, tend to decline with age. This decline can lead to a slower response time and reduced overall strength capacity. Together, these factors form a substantial basis for the declines in muscular strength that are commonly observed among older adults. Other choices incorporate various influences on strength, such as bone density and glycogen storage, but these factors play a less direct role in muscular strength compared to the effects of muscle mass and force production capabilities. Understanding these age-related changes can help trainers tailor their programs to better address the needs and limitations of older clients, focusing on strength training that mitigates the effects of muscle loss and enhances force production.